Where Is Helium Found On The Periodic Table

Columbus vs. de Vaca Essay examples - 698 Words

Christopher Columbus and Alvez Nunez Cabeza de Vaca were both explorers for Spain, but under different rulers and different times. The more famous, Christopher Columbus, came before de Vacas time. Columbus sailed a series of four voyages between 1492 and 1504 in search for a route to Asia which led accidentally to his discovery of new land inhabited with Indians. Christopher sailed under the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella for his journey to the Indies, whom he was loyal to by claiming everything in their name. De Vaca , followed in Christophers footsteps and journeyed to Hispanionola for Spains emperor, Charlves V, the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Both, Columbus and de Vaca composed a series of letters addressing†¦show more content†¦His sole purpose was to inform others (of his sufferings and his discoveries of the Native Americans). He also wanted to justify his conclusions regarding Spanish policy and behavior in America which is mainly addressed to Ch arles V. De Vaca believes that [his] only remaining duty is to transmit what [he] saw and heard in the nine years [he] wandered lost and miserable over many remote lands. Therefore, he conveys to Charles V the many incidents that occurred throughout his struggle for survival while in Texas. In De Vacas opinion, he thinks that the information he is revealing will be useful to others and will be of no trivial value for those who go in [his majestys] name to subdue countries. The descriptions which Christopher Columbus and Alvez de Vaca reveal are entirely different. Columbus wrote information that was insignificant. His explanations are very vague and are only somewhat in depth when something interests him greatly, like his discovery of the beautiful Espanola. Columbus wrote about the Indians and their land as if they were nothing of importance. The majority of his descriptions of explorations were about himself or based on himself. On the other hand, Alvez de Vaca claims that he is telling the truth and are strictly factual. De Vaca remembers all the particulars, in other words, every significant detail. Alvez mentions both positive and negative qualities of his experiences. It seems as if heShow MoreRelated Christopher Columbus vs. Alvez Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Columbus and Alvez Nunez Cabeza de Vaca were both explorers for Spain, but under different rulers and different times. The more famous, Christopher Columbus, came before de Vaca’s time. Columbus sailed a series of four voyages between 1492 and 1504 in search for a route to Asia which led accidentally to his discovery of new land inhabited with Indians. Christopher sailed under the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella for his journey to the â€Å"Indies,† whom he was loyal to by claiming

International Trade Law Free Essays

Law chosen to govern a transactions is clearly state the legal consequences of their contractual activities for example the right, obligation, and remedies for involve parties, and they can choose the law of particular country or international law to govern their contract. International trade law (CISG) includes the appropriate rules and customs for handling trade between states and it forms part of domestic law if the involve parties are from the contracting state of CISG. With assistance from Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) for filling gap in the coverage of issues by the CISG which is the validity of contract, effect of contract on property and goods, exclusively or non-sale aspects for distribution agreement, and inability of sell for death or personal injury cause by the goods on any person. We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The domestic law that governs the transactions in Malaysia is the Contract Act 1950 and supplement from Sale of Goods Act (SOGA) 1957 (revised 1989) which is based on the English Sales of Goods Act. As a Malaysian lawyer, I recommend you choose the Contract Act 1950 and SOGA as the governing law because the business you based is on Malaysia home soil and it creates a familiar factor to you. Besides that, Contract Act 1950 and SOGA already govern the basic contract of goods and contract of insurance but they did not cover the contract of carriage. However, because of Malaysia still practices the Hague Rules by virtue of the Carriage of Goods By Sea Act 1950 (Revised 1994), you have to choose the Hague Rules to govern your contract of carriage even though there are prominent weaknesses. For contract of carriage, there is standard term used on trading call as International Commercial Terms (INCOTERMS), and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) and Free On Board (FOB) are the generally used term in the trade. So, I recommend you to practice FOB even through your product price will slightly lower due to bargain from buyer, but the cost will reflect on save at the transport of the products. Besides, the main benefit is you do not need to make arrangement on carriage and thus this will reduced the burden to you as a seller’s responsibilities. Policies and regulations have the very close relationship because regulations are come under the policies. The policies and regulations at Malaysia are based on an open and encourage motive, so, normally you can smoothly doing your business on export the product out of Malaysia to foreign countries. This is see through the durian is one of the fruits that identifies by the Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010) (NAP3) as important role in creating competitiveness of the Malaysia fruit and vegetable industry in the ASEAN. However, you need to take care about different policies and regulations of your dealing countries which are ASEAN countries and China in order to gain the benefits from all your dealing exporter countries which are actually on the free trade area as ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and also ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). Firstly, other than the list of preferential tariffs products that under the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme , the 40% rules of origin are also one regulation that need to comply with in able to benefit from preferential market access. So, you need to obtain a different certificate of origin from Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to trade at both free trade areas. Besides certificate of origin, there are regulations for the quality of trading goods on AFTA and ACFTA. Start from sign of AFTA and ACFTA, the ASEAN countries and China fruits market move to more open market as can see through the fruits quality control have been replace to which is more harmonize and standardize call as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measurers (SPS). This is to prevent countries to protect their domestic agricultural producers from imports with stringent phytosanitary measures which are non-science based, discriminatory and non-transparent. So, you now can be more efficiently and effectively on export your product to these particular countries. ? Answer 2: International agreement different to domestic contract that only contracting within the familiar home country itself, it is more complicated in contracting with various countries and sometimes may be in unfamiliar countries. So in contracting International agreement, there normally required for more trade documents that covers wider range that classified under four main groups which is Financial, Commercial, official, and Transport and insurance documents. Compared to International agreement, domestic contract normally required fewer types of documents especially only commercial and insurance type. This is because domestic contract only contracting the goods move within country territory and did not cross over he national boarder, so documents like certificated of origin in Official group of documents, bill of landing (BOL) or airway bills (AWB) in Transport group of documents are not needed. Term of payment decide on International agreement is more complicated than for domestic contract in reasons of more person involve in the payment process for International agreement. This process can explained though the general example of payment term which is letter of credit (LC) that involve bank parties assista nce by act as a middle man in the payment process. The next main difference between both is the risk face by each other. International agreement is exposed to a number of risks such as buyer’s risk, transport risk and transfer risk that may be also faced by domestic contract. However, these similar risks faced by the domestic contract will be lower in term of cost factor and some other risks such as exchange rate risk and country or sovereign risk will exclude to domestic contract that only contracting at local currency and local policies. Besides that, the transportation and delivery aspect must follow the international standard for example the standardized dimensions of shipping pallets for International agreement, but this requirement is not so strict for the domestic contract. Product packaging and labeling aspect is also not so concern by domestic contract because it normally travels across short distance. However, for International agreement that the goods travel at long distance, export packaging must be suitable for the particular mode of transport in order to provide maximum protection. There are four different types of contracting methods available which is negotiating a complete contract, choosing international law to govern the contract, agree on standard form or terms, and standard industry contracts. Negotiating a complete contract is not suitable to you because your business was just at the beginning stages of entering the new market, so there are many ‘unknown’ on the others’ domestic law that will cause unfair situation in the contracting, thus this will also incurred even more time in making the final agreement. For your situation that deals with many countries, standard industry contracts seem more suitable to you but there are still not any single association that published the standard contracts of durian even though there are already mature grow of durian industry in ASEAN. Then, Standard terms contracting method is suitable to you not only because it is a speedy and convenient way of contracting, but it also benefit to you as an fferor that has priority in the ‘last shot doctrine’ in the courts. Besides, the objective of choosing international law to govern the contract is to provide more comfortably for other parties to enter the contracts, rather than selecting particular domestic law. So, as I recommend you to choose the Malaysia law as governing law, this method is clearly not suitable because it controversy to governing law that you chosen. The object clauses can create legal and practical problems to you in term of quality and specification of the goods you export. Certificate of origin is basic requirement for export goods to other countries, and as discussed before, you needs to obtain a certificate of origin ‘Form D’ from Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for trade on AFTA, and ‘Form E’ for trade on ACFTA in order to fulfill the CEPT scheme. In other simply meaning, you must to obtain the certificate of origin in order to enjoy the benefit of tariff in the free trade area and simply act as a ‘passport’ that show approval to entering particular market. The packing aspect of goods’ specification creates the problem on the transport of durian to other countries by the strong odour of durian leaking out from the poor packaging. So you need to practice the suitable packaging method for your export durian especially your fresh durian that exported by air shipment. Besides that, you must prepare for the future of sustainable packaging that reflect in the designed in a holistic way and be made from responsibly sourced materials that are safe and effective throughout its lifecycle, meet criteria for performance and cost, meet consumers’ choice and expectations and, finally, it has to be recovered efficiently after use. For the price clauses, you better determine the price that can change over time subject to review and modification because there are fluctuate in the currency exchange among all the different countries that will cause huge lost if there are big differences between the current currency and the currency that agree on the fixed price agreement. Payment clauses also need to be aware because the method of payment will affect your receivable ability, and letter of credit seem more suitable for you because it emphasis more on the seller side through the process that provide more insure on receiving of payment for seller side. Penalty for late payment in this clauses will not only provide extra insure to you through the charges gain for the late payment, but it also help in your financial arrangement due to the on-time payment and assurance of creditability of the buyer through the slightly higher of penalty being set. Delivery and shipment clauses will also raise problem through period time that involve in transport the perishable durian product. So, in order to maintained the product freshness especially when transport at long distance like to China, the date and also time must specify in detail referred to the time of harvest and the available of transportation to prevent any extra days or hours it incurred to transport the product. Besides that, port of shipment is also a critical element in this clause because the distance between the choosing port and the distribution centre determine the product freshness also. For example in China, you can choose the port of Guangzhou because it is considering being a centre for exporting Malaysian durian to China. As I suggest you to choose Malaysian law as the governing law, you need to state this clearly in the clause of governing law. Besides, after state of the governing law is Malaysian law, follow by the jurisdiction will state Malaysia court is the place to resolve dispute. If this never state in the contract, it will depend on court to decide which law apply. The clause of passing of title and risk is also a vital term to consider when there are accidents happen to the goods on the carrier stage or incident of unpaid seller. ? Bibliography 1. AB Teoh. 2008. Exporting and International Trade [access on 15 July 2010] 2. Essential international trade law by Michelle Sanson. 2002 by Cavendish Publishing (Australia) Pty Limited. Available www. cavendishpublish. com. [access on 15 July 2010] How to cite International Trade Law, Papers

Implications Of Labor And The Gig Economy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Implications Of Labor And The Gig Economy. Answer: The main focus of the reading is the implications of labor and the gig economy, it is a new term which is attracting the attention in the field of news and also in magazines these days. The journal articles are also dealing with this problem. The term gig economy means to understand the two forms of work which incorporates the work via the process of apps and crowdwork. Crowd work is generally referred to the activities based on working which can be completed through the platforms of online (De Stephano 2015; Friedman 2014). These platforms generally deal with many organizations and trying to establish contact with an indefinite number or people through the basis of internet. Work on demand with the help of apps is a type of work which incorporates the traditional activities such as transport, cleaning and other types of clerical jobs are facing challenges through the mode of application which are generally managed by the firms. The paper mainly focuses on the implication which advocates the acknowledgement of the various activities under the umbrella of gig economy in the form of work as the labors risk is eclipsed by the facts such as tasks, gigs or rides (De Stephano 2015; Friedman 2014). It is to be understand that the gig economy is not be treated as a separate economys silo and how it has become the part of a wider phenomena such as escalating of the not standard varieties of employment (Friedman 2014). It also talks about the risks which are linked to these kinds of activities in the context of Rights at work and Fundamental principles which are defined by International Labor Organization which further elaborates the misclassification of the status of the employments of the workers which are based on the established agreements of services, practices of the business and the sectors litigation. The relevant trends are also being evaluated which is the emergence of the workers forms of self organization (De Stephano 2015). Next, the proposals such as the creation of the category based on intermediate status between the independent contractor and employment in order to categorize the workers under the umbrella of the gig economy and other proposals of tentative nature is also being put forward such as giving full recognition of the activities in this particular sector such as work fundamental labor rights and the extension of the important rights of the labor to all the working people by not taking into consideration their status of employment and the acknowledgement of the roles of the social workers while trying to avoid the temptations of the deregulations which are based on the haste (De Stephano 2015; Scheiber 2015). In order to promote the protection of labor under the economy of gig, the primary thing has to be a strong advocacy in terms of having jobs. This could be an important step to challenge the risk of the commoditization (Friedman 2014). The gig economy should be treated as a separate silo of the economy in the labor markets, as gig economy is strongly associated in a wider way with the labor market (De Stephano 2015; Sundarajan 2015). Challenges in the gig economy is a quite enormous and protection must be taken for the shrinking workers only if the opportunity is taking place from this economy. References Sundararajan, A., 2015. The gig economyis coming: What will it mean for work.The Guardian,26, p.2015. Scheiber, N., 2015. Growth in the Gig EconomyFuels Work Force Anxieties.The New York Times. De Stefano, V., 2015. The rise of the'just-in-time workforce': On-demand work, crowd work and labour protection in the'gig-economy'. Friedman, G., 2014. Workers without employers: shadow corporations and the rise of the gig economy.Review of Keynesian Economics,2(2), pp.171-188.

Table of Contents Essays (18692 words) - , Term Papers

Table of Contents QUEST Timeline 2 Copy of QUEST Timeline 3 Parent Notification Form 5 QUEST Grading 7 Standard QUEST Style 8 Social Issue Declaration Form 9 Annotated Bibliography 11 Source Check Directions 12 Source Check Sample 13 Essential Question (EQ): First Draft 15 Consultant Agreement Form 17 Experience Plan 18 Experience Hours Log 21 QUEST Interviews 23 QUEST Interview s (Ex amples ) 24 Creating Outlines For QUEST Papers/Presentations 25 Social Issue Research Paper 26 Social Issue Research Paper (Selected Examples) 29 Social Issue Research Paper Rubric 31 Social Issue Research Presentation 32 Social Issue Research Presentation Rubric 35 QUEST Service 36 Service Plan 39 Service Verification 43 Essential Question (EQ): Updated Draft 45 Policy Paper 47 Policy Paper Rubric 50 Policy Presentation 51 Policy Presentation Rubric 53 Essential Question: Answer Paper 54 Government Advocacy Letter 55 Government Advocacy Letter (Example) 56 QUEST Binder Check (Checklist) 57 QUEST Testimony 59 QUEST Testimony Rubric 61 Ms. McCauley's Guide to Citing Anything! 62 QUEST 2016-2017 Timeline First Semester Ends 1/22 Semester 1 Sept 20 th Quest Kick-Off (Norse Hall) Sept 27 th Social Issue Declaration Form (Eng/Gov) Parent Notification Form (Gov) Oct 11 th Source Check #1 (Eng) Oct 18 th Essential Question First Draft ( Eng/ Gov) Nov 1 st Consultant Agreement Form (Gov) Experience Plan (Gov) Nov 8 th Source Check #2 (1 Ac. Journal) (Gov) Nov 15 th EXPERIENCE Interview Notes (Eng) Nov 29 th Source Check #3 (1 Ac. Journal) (Eng) Dec 6 th Social Issue Research Paper Outline (Eng) Dec 13 th Social Issue Research Paper (Eng) Source Check #4 (Include In Ann Bib) (Gov) Annotated Bibliography #1 (Gov) Jan 9 th to 27 th Social Issue Research Presentation (Gov) Jan 10 th 5 Experience Hours Log (Gov) Jan 17 th Service Plan (Econ) Semester 2 Feb 7 th SERVICE Interview Notes (Eng) EQ Draft (Gov/Eng) Feb 14 th Source Check #5 (1 Ac. Journal) (Econ) Thank You Email (Eng) Feb 28 th Source Check #6 (Eng) March 7th Policy Paper Outline (Econ) March 14 th Policy Paper (Econ) Annotated Bibliography #2 (Eng) March 28 th Service Verification (Econ) March 27 th to April 13 th Policy/Service Presentation (Eng) April 11 th Answer Paper (Eng) Government Advocacy Letter (Econ) April 25 th Binder Check (Eng) April 28 th Last Day to Turn in Work! May 24 th and 25 th Testimonies (Grade in Eng) QUEST 2016-2017 Timeline First Semester Ends 1/22 Semester 1 Sept 20 th Quest Kick-Off (Norse Hall) Sept 27 th Social Issue Declaration Form (Eng/Gov) Parent Notification Form (Gov) Oct 11 th Source Check #1 (Eng /Gov ) Oct 18 th Essential Question First Draft (Gov) Nov 1 st Consultant Agreement Form (Gov) Experience Plan (Gov) Nov 8 th Source Check #2 (1 Ac. Journal) (Gov) Nov 15 th EXPERIENCE Interview Notes (Eng) Nov 29 th Source Check #3 (1 Ac. Journal) (Eng) Dec 6 th Social Issue Research Paper Outline (Eng) Dec 13 th Social Issue Research Paper (Eng) Source Check #4 (Include In Ann Bib) (Gov) Annotated Bibliography #1 (Gov) Jan 9 th to 27 th Social Issue Research Presentation (Gov) Jan 10 th 5 Experience Hours Log (Gov) Jan 17 th Service Plan (Econ) Semester 2 Feb 7 th SERVICE Interview Notes (Eng) EQ Draft (Gov/Eng) Feb 14 th Source Check #5 (1 Ac. Journal) (Econ) Thank You Email (Eng) Feb 28 th Source Check #6 (Eng) March 7th Policy Paper Outline (Econ) March 14 th Policy Paper (Econ) Annotated Bibliography #2 (Eng) March 28 th Service Verification (Econ) March 27 th to April 13 th Policy/Service Presentation (Eng) April 11 th Answer Paper (Eng) Government Advocacy Letter (Econ) April 25 th Binder Check (Eng) April 28 th Last Day to Turn in Work! May 24 th and 25 th Testimonies (Grade in Eng) Parental Notification of Student Participation in QUEST (Due 9/27/2016 in Government) I am the parent or legal guardian of ______________________________________________, who is a Senior at Irvington High School. I understand that as part of the senior curriculum at Irvington High School, he/she will participate in the QUEST project and that his/her successful completion of this benchmark is necessary to graduate from Irvington High School. I understand that

Biography of Henry Clinton, British General

Biography of Henry Clinton, British General Henry Clinton (April 16, 1730–Dec. 23, 1795) was the Commander of the British North American forces during the American War for Independence. Fast Facts: Henry Clinton Known For: Commander of the British North American forces during the American War for IndependenceBorn: About 1730 in Newfoundland, Canada or Stourton Parva, England.Parents: Admiral George Clinton (1686–1761) and Ann Carle (1696–1767).Died: December 23, 1795 in GibraltarEducation: In New York colony and possibly studied under Samuel SeaburyPublished Works: The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clintons Narrative of His Campaigns, 1775–1782Spouse: Harriet Carter (m. 1767–1772)Children: Frederick (1767–1774), Augusta Clinton Dawkins (1768–1852), William Henry (1769–1846), Henry (1771–1829), and Harriet (1772) Early Life Henry Clinton was likely born in 1730 to Admiral George Clinton (1686–1761), at the time the Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, and his wife Ann Carle (1696–1767). References are that available post his birth date as 1730 or 1738; English peerage records state the date as April 16, 1730, but list his birth location as Newfoundland and George Clinton did not arrive until 1731. Henry Clinton had at least two sisters who survived to adulthood,  Lucy Mary Clinton Roddam, 1729–1750, and Mary Clinton Willes (1742–1813), and Lucy Mary was born in Stourton Parva, Lincolnshire, England.   Little more than that is known about his childhood: what there is comes primarily from 19th-century brief biographical records and the letters and documents left by Clinton himself. When George Clinton was appointed governor of New York in 1743, the family moved there and it is assumed that Henry was educated in the colony and may have studied under Samuel Seabury (1729–1796), the first American Episcopal bishop. Early Military Career Beginning his military career with the local militia in 1745, Clinton obtained a captains commission the following year and served in the garrison at the recently captured fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.  Three years later, he traveled back to England with hopes to secure another commission in the British Army. Purchasing a commission as a captain in the Coldstream Guards in 1751, Clinton proved to be a gifted officer. Swiftly moving through the ranks by buying higher commissions, Clinton also benefited from family connections to the Dukes of Newcastle. In 1756, this ambition, along with assistance from his father, saw him gain an appointment to serve as aide-de-camp to Sir John Ligonier. Seven Years War By 1758, Clinton had reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the 1st Foot Guards (Grenadier Guards). Ordered to Germany during the Seven Years War, he saw action at the Battles of Villinghausen (1761) and  Wilhelmsthal (1762).  Distinguishing himself, Clinton was promoted to colonel effective June 24, 1762, and appointed an aide-de-camp to the armys commander, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick. While serving in Ferdinands camp, he developed a number of acquaintances including future adversaries Charles Lee and William Alexander (Lord Stirling). Later that summer both Ferdinand and Clinton were wounded during the defeat at Nauheim. Recovering, he returned to Britain following the capture of Cassel that November.   With the end of the war in 1763, Clinton found himself head of his family as his father had died two years earlier. Remaining in the army, he endeavored to resolve his fathers affairs- which included collecting an unpaid salary, selling land in the colonies, and clearing a large number of debts. In 1766, Clinton received command of the 12th Regiment of Foot.   In 1767 he married Harriet Carter, the daughter of a wealthy landowner. Settling in Surrey, the couple would have five children (Frederick (1767–1774), Augusta Clinton Dawkins (1768–1852), William Henry (1769–1846), Henry (1771–1829), and Harriet (1772).  On May 25, 1772, Clinton was promoted to major general, and two months later he used family influence to gain a seat in Parliament. These advancements were tempered in August when Harriet died a week after giving birth to their fifth child. After she died, Henrys in-laws moved into his house to raise the children. He apparently acquired a mistress at a later point in his life and had a family with her, but their existence is merely mentioned in Clintons surviving correspondence. The American Revolution Begins Crushed by the loss of wife, Clinton failed to take his seat in Parliament and instead traveled to the Balkans to study the Russian army in 1774. While there, he also viewed several of the battlefields from the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Returning from the trip, he took his seat in September 1774. With the American Revolution looming in 1775, Clinton was dispatched to Boston aboard HMS Cerberus with Major Generals William Howe and John Burgoyne to provide assistance to Lieutenant General Thomas Gage. Arriving in May, he learned that fighting had begun and that Boston had fallen under siege.  Assessing the situation, Clinton brusquely suggested manning Dorchester Heights but was refused by Gage. Though this request was denied, Gage did make plans for occupying other high ground outside of the city, including Bunker Hill. Failure in the South On June 17, 1775, Clinton took part in the bloody British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Initially tasked with providing reserves to Howe, he later crossed to Charlestown and worked to rally the dispirited British troops. In October, Howe replaced Gage as commander of British troops in America and Clinton was appointed as his second-in-command with the temporary rank of lieutenant general. The following spring, Howe dispatched Clinton south to assess military opportunities in the Carolinas. While he was away, American troops emplaced guns on Dorchester Heights in Boston, which compelled Howe to evacuate the city. After some delays, Clinton met a fleet under Commodore Sir Peter Parker, and the two resolved to attack Charleston, South Carolina. Landing Clintons troops on Long Island, near Charleston, Parker hoped the infantry could aid in defeating the coastal defenses while he attacked from the sea. Moving forward on June 28, 1776, Clintons men were unable to render assistance as they were halted by swamps and deep channels. Parkers naval attack was repulsed with heavy casualties and both he and Clinton withdrew. Sailing north, they joined Howes main army for the assault on New York. Crossing to Long Island from the camp on Staten Island, Clinton surveyed the American positions in the area and devised the British plans for the upcoming battle. Success in New York Utilizing Clintons ideas, which called for a strike through the Guan Heights via Jamaica Pass, Howe flanked the Americans and led the army to victory at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776. For his contributions, he was formally promoted to lieutenant general and made a Knight of the Order of Bath. As tensions between Howe and Clinton increased due to the latters constant criticism, the former dispatched his subordinate with 6,000 men to capture Newport, Rhode Island in December 1776. Accomplishing this, Clinton requested leave and returned to England in spring 1777. While in London, he lobbied to command a force that would attack south from Canada that summer but was denied in favor of Burgoyne. Returning to New York in June 1777, Clinton was left in command of the city while Howe sailed south to capture Philadelphia. Possessing a garrison of only 7,000 men, Clinton feared attack from General George Washington while Howe was away. This situation was made worse by calls for help from Burgoynes army, which was advancing south from Lake Champlain. Unable to move north in force, Clinton promised to take action to aid Burgoyne. In October he successfully attacked American positions in the Hudson Highlands, capturing Forts Clinton and Montgomery, but was unable to prevent Burgoynes eventual surrender at Saratoga. The British defeat led to the Treaty of Alliance (1778) which saw France enter the war in support of the Americans. On March 21, 1778, Clinton replaced Howe as commander-in-chief after the latter resigned in protest over British war policy. In Command Taking command at Philadelphia, with Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis as his second-in-command, Clinton was immediately weakened by the need to detach 5,000 men for service in the Caribbean against the French. Deciding to abandon Philadelphia to focus on holding New York, Clinton led the army into New Jersey in June. Conducting a strategic retreat, he fought a large battle with Washington at Monmouth on June 28 which resulted in a draw. Safely reaching New York, Clinton began drawing up plans for shifting the focus of the war to the South where he believed Loyalist support would be greater. Dispatching a force late that year, his men succeeded in capturing Savannah, Georgia. After waiting for much of 1779 for reinforcements, Clinton was finally able to move against Charleston in early 1780. Sailing south with 8,700 men and fleet led by Vice Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot, Clinton laid siege to the city on March 29. After a prolonged struggle, the city fell on May 12 and over 5,000 Americans were captured. Though he wished to lead the Southern Campaign in person, Clinton was forced to turn over command to Cornwallis after learning of a French fleet approaching New York. Returning to the city, Clinton attempted to oversee Cornwallis campaign from afar. Rivals who did not care for each other, Clinton and Cornwallis relationship continued to be strained. As time passed, Cornwallis began to operate with increasing independence from his far-away superior. Hemmed in by Washingtons army, Clinton limited his activities to defending New York and launching nuisance raids in the region. In 1781, with Cornwallis under siege at Yorktown, Clinton attempted to organize a relief force. Unfortunately, by the time he departed, Cornwallis had already surrendered to Washington. As a result of Cornwallis defeat, Clinton was replaced by Sir Guy Carleton in March 1782. Death Officially turning command over to Carleton in May, Clinton was made the scapegoat for the British defeat in America. Returning to England, he wrote his memoirs in an attempt to cleanse his reputation and resumed his seat in Parliament until 1784. Re-elected to Parliament in 1790, with assistance from Newcastle, Clinton was promoted to general three years later. The following year he was appointed Governor of Gibraltar, but died in Gibraltar on Dec. 23, 1795, before taking over the post.

These Are the Most Diverse Colleges in America

These Are the Most Diverse Colleges in America SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Going to a diverse college offers many advantages. At diverse colleges, you’ll be exposed to a wide variety of people and be given an opportunity to learn from people who are different from you. If you know you want to go to a diverse college, how do you find diverse colleges? Which are the most diverse colleges in the United States? In this article, I will provide you with a list of the most diverse colleges. Furthermore, I'll explain what makes a college diverse, the benefits of going to a diverse college, and how to determine if a specific college is diverse. What Makes a College Diverse? Literally, diverse means showing a great deal of variety. Usually, when people reference diversity at a college, they're referring to the racial and ethnic diversity of the student body. A diverse college will have a significant percentage of students from multiple racial and ethnic groups. However, racial diversity is not the only variable that determines whether or not a college is diverse. Here are other factors that contribute to the diversity of a college: Geographic diversity- Diverse colleges have a higher percentage of out-of-state and international students. Male-female diversity- Schools with more gender balance are more diverse. Faculty diversity- Diverse colleges have more racial and ethnic diversity in their faculties, and their faculties have more gender balance. Economic diversity- A diverse college will have a significant percentage of students from all income levels. There are some other factors that contribute to diversity, but there are fewer available statistics to definitively determine diversity in these areas. The political diversity of a college refers to the percentage of students from different political persuasions. A politically diverse college will have a significant number of conservative, liberal, socialist, and libertarian students. A religiously diverse college will have a large percentage of students from different religious backgrounds; it could have a substantial representation of Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, and Hindu students. Finally, the percentage of LGBT students contributes to the diversity of a college. A diverse college will have a visible LGBT community and students that openly express different sexual orientations and gender identities. What Are the Benefits of a Diverse College? There are numerous benefits of attending a diverse college. In college, you learn from your peers and fellow students. If you're exposed to more people from different backgrounds, you're likely to gain a better understanding of different types of people and their views. As our economy becomes more globalized, being knowledgeable about various cultures can benefit you in your professional life. Also, if you're a member of an underrepresented group, going to a diverse college can make you feel more comfortable, especially if there's a significant number of students at the college who share your background or beliefs. Similarly, if you come from a diverse high school or neighborhood, you may feel more at home at a diverse college. Furthermore, colleges with diverse faculties may offer a more well-balanced education. Course offerings and instruction at a college can be reflective of the backgrounds and views of the faculty, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Additionally, colleges with diverse faculties show a commitment to diversity and are likely to embrace diversity in their student bodies as well. The List of the Most Diverse Colleges I've given you a list of the top 50 most diverse colleges in the country. Hopefully, you can find at least a few that interest you if you want to attend a diverse college. Niche Niche is a website that provides reviews, rankings, and statistics about neighborhoods and schools. It provides many different college ranking lists from the overall best colleges to the top party schools to the most diverse colleges. The Niche rankings for the most diverse colleges are based on clear criteria that give a fairly accurate measurement of a college's level of diversity. Here's how Niche measures diversity: 20% of the rankings is based on the percentage of international students 20% is based on the percentage of the most represented ethnicity (a lower percentage=more diverse) 20% is based on students' survey responses about the quality of diversity at their colleges 15% is based on the percentage of out-of-state students 10% is based on the percentage of the faculty's most represented ethnicity 5% is based on the ratio of male to female faculty 5% is based on the percentage of students belonging to the most represented income bracket (a lower percentage=more diverse) 5% is based on the ratio of male to female undergraduates The List Many selective private colleges are in the top 50 most diverse colleges, including Pomona, Amherst, MIT, Stanford, Swarthmore, Yale, and Harvard. Interestingly, the entire top 25 is composed of private colleges. Possibly, the reason for this is because private colleges emphasize diversity more in their recruiting and admissions processes. Also, many public colleges have a much higher percentage of in-state students due to lower tuition costs for in-state students and targeted efforts to enroll more in-state residents. Some public universities in the top 50 include California State University-East Bay, Rutgers University-Newark, University of Hawaii at Hilo, and San Francisco State University. These diverse public colleges are located in diverse areas. San Francisco State University School Location Acceptance Rate 1. Pomona College Claremont, CA 14% 2. Amherst College Amherst Town, MA 14% 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 8% 4. Soka University of America Aliso Viejo, CA 43% 5. Hawaii Pacific University Honolulu Township, HI 64% 6. Stanford University Stanford, CA 6% 7. Brown University Providence, RI 9% 8. California College of the Arts San Francisco, CA 82% 9. Yale University New Haven, CT 7% 10. Swarthmore College Swarthmore, PA 14% 11. Grinnell College Grinnell, IA 35% 12. Barry University Miami, FL 47% 13. Columbia University New York City, NY 7% 14. Chaminade University of Honolulu Honolulu Township, HI 84% 15. University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 40% 16. Wellesley College Wellesley, MA 29% 17. Rhode Island School of Design Providence, RI 27% 18. New York University New York City, NY 32% 19. University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA 69% 20. California Institute of the Arts Santa Clarita, CA 31% 21. Rice University Houston, TX 17% 22. Emory University Atlanta, GA 26% 23. Nyack College Nyack, NY 97% 24. University of Chicago Chicago, IL 9% 25. Holy Names University Oakland, CA 57% 26. California State University-East Bay Hayward, CA 68% 27. Rutgers University-Newark Newark, NJ 54% 28. University of Hawaii at Hilo Hilo, HI 75% 29. The New School New York City, NY 67% 30. University of Bridgeport Bridgeport, CT 64% 31. Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 25% 32. Washington Adventist University Tacoma Park, MD 45% 33. Agnes Scott College Decatur, GA 67% 34. University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Township, HI 80% 35. Harvard University Cambridge, MA 6% 36. Wesleyan University Middletown, CT 20% 37. Princeton University Princeton, NJ 7% 38. University of Houston Houston, TX 58% 39. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 12% 40. Manhattanville College Harrison, NY 77% 41. Santa Fe University of Art and Design Santa Fe, NM 100% 42. San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA 60% 43. Pace University New York City, NY 81% 44. Texas Wesleyan University Fort Worth, TX 46% 45. Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL 57% 46. Earlham College Richmond, IN 64% 47. University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 20% 48. St. John's University-New York Queens, NY 53% 49. Berklee College of Music Boston, MA 19% 50. Clark University Worcester, MA 70% Massachusetts Institute of Technology Student Reviews Niche also offers student reviews of colleges. Here are some comments written by students of some of the most diverse colleges in the United States. I included comments related to the diversity at the college. Pomona College It gets more and more diverse every year in terms of students of color, international students, and low-income students! And the communities aren't completely separated like they tend to be at other schools- each person is a valued part of this community. Love the student body! It's diverse, inclusive, and just a melting pot of all sorts of identities and personalities, all of which come to create a wonderfully complex community on campus. You'll see a lot of variety- no typical culture here. People might think that Pomona is more laid-back than its peer liberal arts colleges due to its California location, but I don't think it is. It's a little bit more humble/mainstream than preppy New England schools, but students take their academics and their futures very, very seriously. Amherst College I feel as if there is a gap between the different races and ethnicities on campus. They seem to congeal together and don't venture out of their created friend groups based on their homeland. I come from a largely homogenous high school, so coming to Amherst was my first chance to ever meet so many people from different ethnicities and backgrounds. It is NOT just white and preppy. Well, it's pretty preppy. But definitely not predominantly white. Stanford University One of the most diverse schools as far as every aspect goes except for international students. But the school is not just ethnically diverse, but very socioeconomically diverse, thanks to the financial aid. The campus is extremely diverse in all aspects. This is fueled by the large number of international students at the school. However outside of Greek organizations the different groups tend to stick together within their own social circles and very few branch out. University of Miami My school is amazing when it comes to diversifying your life. Here you can meet people of different races, religions, backgrounds; you name it, we've got it. I don't regret coming to Miami at all- I love it here! I was a little hesitant coming to a school with so many wealthy people, while I am not at all. But it really hasn't been an issue at all! The student body is so diverse, I can always find people to talk to. University of Miami How Should You Use The List of the Most Diverse Colleges? If you want to go to a very diverse college, you should research the colleges that interest you on the Niche list to determine if they’re schools you should apply to or attend. There are many factors to consider to determine if a college is a good fit for you including location, selectivity, support services, and the majors offered.Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks, college finders, search websites, and other ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. What Should You Do if You Want to Go to a Diverse College, But a School You're Considering Isn't on the List? Just because a school didn't make the list doesn't necessarily mean that it's not diverse. Many big public state universities didn't rank highly for diversity, but big public state schools often have large numbers of students from all different backgrounds, especially if the school is located in a diverse state. Look at the school's website to see if there are student groups that represent a wide variety of interests or yours in particular. Also, you can consult other sources that evaluate or grade the diversity of a college.If you look up a specific college on Niche, you can find its diversity grade as well as a write-up and student reviews about diversity on campus.If you look up a college on College View, you can find the statistics for the student body racial diversity, total numbers of male and female faculty, and the states and countries represented by its students. What's Next? If you want to check out more ranking lists that show a school's commitment to diversity, you can read about the most LGBTQ-friendly schools. Also, if you're looking to go to an elite school with very accomplished students, investigate the most selective colleges. Finally, as you're navigating the college application and selection process, I highly recommend that you read this post about how to do college research. 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